目录英语固定短语搭配 初中英语2000个固定短语搭配 包含的固定短语英语 高考英语300个固定搭配 英语固定词组汇总
高考英语短文改错
常见错误类型
高考英语改错题是考生感到棘手的题型之一.笔者对近几年的高考英语改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后,发现错误类型主要集中在以下方面.(例题保留原题号)
1. 动词时态
每年都有时态错误的小题,而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间.时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据.
(1)(2003全国卷)She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was...84. read
(and连接并列谓语)
(2)(2004江苏卷)At once I apologize and controlled myself...83. apologized
(and连接并列谓语)
(3)(2004全国卷) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,... 82. talk
(根据sometimes可判断此句为一般现在时)
(4)(2005全国卷Ⅱ)I will write again and send you the photos we take together. 85.took
(把照片寄给你,应该是已经拍好的,用过去时)
(含拦5)(2005全国卷Ⅰ) There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. 77. is
(从上下文判断,应该是现在时,谓语用is)
(6)(2005江苏卷)We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. 76. kept
(and连接并列谓语颤老滚)
2. 名词单复数
单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一,改动的依据有:一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份;二是根据上下文的逻辑关系.
(1)(2003全国卷)Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85. words
(是把word改为words 还是把were改为was,根据名词前的修饰限定词their来决定.)
(2)(2004江苏)that was a dinner we had waited for several month. 85. months
(several修饰复数名词)
(3)(2004全国卷Ⅰ) a few minute on the Internet.77. minutes
(a few修饰复数名词)
(4)(2005全国卷Ⅱ)But one and a half year later. 79. years
(one and a half意思为一年半,故判断此处year应为复数形式)
(5)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)There are advantage for students to work... 76. advantages
(从there are 判断应该用名词复数)
3. 句子结构
句子结构方面的错误范围庞大,解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考:1)句子结构是否完整,成份是否冗缺;2)单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符;3)主谓一致;4)复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等.
(1)(2004 全国卷)I won’t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. 78. because/as
(复合句中连接主句茄余和从句的关系词运用不当)
(2)(2004 全国卷Ⅱ) I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. 81. why
(复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当)
(3)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use.78. work
(缺谓语动词)
(4)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like.79. allows
(主语是动名词短语Earning their own money,谓语应该用单数)
(5)(2005江苏卷)But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability.84. was
(主语是第三人称单数)
4. 赘述
高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词,从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复.
(1)(2003全国卷80)I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. 80. should
(并列谓语,should多余)
(2)(2004 全国卷)Can you tell me about what I should do? 85. about
(tell sb about/of sth或tell sb接从句)
(3)(2004重庆卷)I had to look up to the same word many times, ... 78. to
(look up a word查字典)
(4)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)Some students may also to save up for their college or future use. 84. to
(情态动词may后接动词原形)
(5)(2005江苏卷) But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability. 83. for
(but是连词for是介词,不能并列)
5. 固定结构(固定句型、固定短语、固定搭配)
所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达.如固定短语中的词不能缺,固定搭配要前后一致等.
(1)(2003全国卷81)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was ... 81. talking
(enjoy doing为固定短语)
(2)(2004 全国卷Ⅰ)I am sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool.79. at
(laugh at sb. 固定短语)
(3)(2004 浙江卷)from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world. 82. with
(provide ... with为固定短语)
(4)(2005全国卷Ⅱ)I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 76. for
(thank sb for sth)
(5)(2005全国卷Ⅰ) or for permission to do things by money. 83. with
(with money)
6. 冠词
英语中冠词只有三个,从高考英语改错题的角度来看,只能从以下几个方向出题:1)不定冠词a和an互改;2)不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改;3)根据需要增删冠词.
(1)(2004 全国卷Ⅲ)I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. 77. the
(根据句义是特指这个周末)
(2)(2004江苏卷)When I was ∧boy, ... 76. ∧a
(我是一个男孩,应用不定冠词 a.)
(3)(2004 辽宁卷)This was my first visit to a English family. 78. an
(English开头字母是元音,应该用an)
(4)(2004重庆卷)I started writing down words from ∧ books that I read. 82. ∧the
(名词后由从句修饰时,应使用定冠词)
(5)(2005全国卷Ⅱ)I hope you’ve had∧pleasant journey home and will come to China83. ∧a
7. 代词
代词不仅要与其所指代对象一致,其运用还要符合上下文的语气及逻辑关系.
(1)(2004 浙江卷)And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own ... 78. their
(指代对象应一致)
(2)(2004湖北卷)You have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. 83. them
(pupils 是复数,后应该用替代复数名词的代词.)
(3)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)Some students may also save up for our college or future use. 85. their
(指代对象应一致)
(4)(2005江苏卷)We often play a trick on himself. 79. him
(play a trick on sb)
8. 连词及与并置问题
连词连接的前后两部分是否合乎逻辑;并列连词所连接的前后两部分结构是否等同.这两点是解答连词及其相关问题的关键所在.
(1)(2004江苏卷)My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. 79. and(从句意可知,此处表并列关系,应用and)
(2)(2004全国卷Ⅳ)My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there. 82. and
(并列关系,“于是、同时、然后”等意思)
(3)(2004全国卷Ⅱ)I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 77. quiet
(连接的词性应一致)
9. 易混淆的词或词组
易混淆的词既包括词意相同或相近的同义词、近义词,也包括外形相似、意义有别的词组.易混淆词或词组的辨析也是高考改错题中不容忽视的部分.
(1)(2004全国卷Ⅰ)Finding information on the Net is easily. 83. easy
(be easy 非常容易,形容词做表语)
(2)(2004福建卷)She called 119 immediate. 84. immediately
(副词做状语)
(3)(2003全国卷)I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. 78. everything
(在陈述句中一般用everything)
(4)(2004 重庆卷)...but I had terribly problems memorizing them. 77. terrible
(作定语应用形容词)
(5)(2005全国卷Ⅱ)My pronunciation was terribly. 78.terrible
(系动词后用形容词作表语)
以上错误类型的划分不一定很科学,但至少能为考生解答高考英语改错题提供思考方法.一旦考生认清了高考英语改错题的特点、解题方法以及错误类型,解题时就不会盲目从事,而能做到有的放矢.
短文改错题常见的错误类型
1、冠词的多用、少用、混用.
2、名词 的数与格的误用.
3、主谓不一致的错误.学生往往容易忽视定语从句中强调句型中的主谓一致性.
4、代词的指代不一致的错误.代词的指代一致性包括人称、数、格和性四方面的统一.代词的人称可分为第一、二、三人称和非人称;代词的数分为单数和复数;代词的格分为主格、宾格、所有格还有名词性物主代词;代词的性分为阳性、阴性和中性.
5、动词的时态、语态和语气的误用.多数动词有时态、语态、和语气变化形式,还有上下文的时态呼应,主从句的时态一致.
6、非谓语动词的误用.非谓语动词的难点主要体现在V—ing形式和过去分词的用法区别、V—ing形式与不定式的用法区别、以及非谓语动词的时态、语态的正确运用.
7、形容词、副词的混用及其比较等级的误用.形容词一般在句中作定语修饰名词或代词,作表语说明主语的性质、特征;而副词的作用较复杂,常常修饰形容词 、副词 、介词短语、动词或全句.形容词和副词比较等级的误用现象:①省略不当;②自身比较;③修饰语的误用;④than连接的两个比较对象不一致或不平行.
8、关联词语的误用.关联词分并列连词 and,but,or,so,when等,从属连词——各种从句的引导词.关联词语的误用除涉及到其基础知识,还涉及至行文逻辑关系.短文改错题惯用的命题手法是:①and,but,or,so等之间的混用;②because与so并用;③although与but并用;④why 与because并用;⑤come与go混用;⑥here与there混用.
9、平行结构的误用.平行结构是指用一连串作用和结构相同的或相似的成份表达同一范畴或同一性质、密切关联的内容.平行结构有词之间的平行、词组之间的平行、句子或从句之间的平行、段落之间的平行.在平行结构中常用的并列连词 有and,but,or,than等.
10、成分的多与少——多一词或少一词.多或少的词语,常见于冠词、介词、不定式标记to等,不过有时也可能是实义词.在短文改错中常出现repeat back,serve for等错误.这类错误大多由于学生受汉语表达习惯的影响,或对英语词义的理解不够准确造成的.
11、固定搭配、习惯用法和介词的误用.短文改错中涉及到固定搭配、习惯用法常常多用、少用或误用其中的介词,有时也涉及到其中的动词、冠词的错误搭配.
短文改错题常见的错误类型剖析
1、多词
①多冠词.I caught a sigh of my English in the crowd.[析]sight是不可数名词,且cath sight of是固定搭配,意为“看见”.故应去掉a.
②多介词.We practice for three times every week.此例中是作时间状语的名词短语多了介词,故应去掉for
③固定搭配中多词.I was used to watch it .此 例属于used to do 与be used to两个固定搭配的误用,据句意应去was.即“过去常常”之意.
④行文逻辑上多词.First,let me tell you something more about myself .由first可知是刚刚开始向别人讲述自己的事情,故只能说something ,而不要加more.
⑤词义重复.I’ll spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it. the whole weekend 意为“整个周末”,再加上all ,词义重复.故去all.
⑥出现冗言现象.Today I visited the Smiths __my first time visit to an American family . 本句中first 修饰visit ,vsit 此处为名词,意为“我的第一次访问”,time多余.
2、缺词
①名词前缺限定词.The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me .根据上下文分析,此处English teacher 是有所指的,指的是“我的”英语教师,故应English teacher 前加上my ,表达一个更确切的概念.
②缺动词不定式符号to. I’d like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning .would like 后面不能直接加动词,需to,构成固定搭配would like to do something,意为“想做某事”.
③缺系动词.What your favorite sport ?本句缺谓语动词,应在What后面加is .
短文改错的解题步骤
1、通读短文,把握文意.快速阅读短文,了解短文大意,利用短文大意攻克文中的错误,切忌拿到短文提笔就改.2、依据句意和语法逐句判断.错误是按行设置的,但找错不是以行为单位寻找,必须依据句意和语法分析,逐句或跨行寻找错误.3、先易后难,逐类排查.先找出比较明显的错误,逐步缩小 错误的范围.十行之中有一行是正确的.4、利用行文逻辑,突破改错难点.有些行文逻辑错误,从词法、句法的角度看是正确的,但是通过上下文的逻辑分析就会发现是错误的.
5、复读短文,检查答案,注意行文逻辑关系的正确合理.
6、严格按照试题要求答题,万万不能随心所欲解题.
短文改错的解题技巧
1、利用排除法进行短文改错,所谓“排除法”就是在理解单句或短文大意基本把握住文章整体时态的前提下,行不离句,句不离文,将句子分成若干语段,逐一排除,使错误缩小到最小范围.再根据基础知识进行扩散性思考,从而快速找到答案.
2、发现有平行结构,就要检查是否有用词不一致或因成分短缺而引起的句子不平衡错误.如:She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived .此句中并列的平行结构是两个语法上相同的谓语,故应把drank改drinking.
3、发现有比较结构,就要检查是否有形容词、副词的比较级,比较的对象等方面的错误.如:In some places you can borrow many books as you want ,根据上下文不难发现该句含“as……as”结构的句子,所以应在many前加上as.
4、发现有转折、因果、对比等结构时,就要检查是否有行文逻辑方面的错误.如:His company publishes books and he buys books all over the world .按行文逻辑,应把buys 改sells.又如:I like singing ,my brother likes dancing .英语中两个分句之间不能仅仅用逗号,而要用合适的连词连接.故以上两个分句之间要加上连词while 表示对比.
5、发现句子有多重结构,就要检查是否有时态、语态、连词或成分短缺等错误.如:He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there .该句犯了连词重复使用的错误,应去掉immediately.
6、发现有特殊疑问句结构,就要检查是否有疑问词使用不当的错误.如:---How many was the price of your car ?---I bought the car at cheap price ,only S2,000.英语中问价格时,可用what price 或how much 提问.回答时常用high price low price .所以应把句子中的How many 改为What ,把答句中cheap 改为low.
7、发现有名词和代词时,就要检查是否有数、所有格或指代不一致的错误.如:Some people read the books or watch TV, while others have sports .去掉books前的the ,books在此表示泛指.
8、发现有固定短语时,就要检查副词、介词、冠词是否使用错误.如:Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd .caught sight of (看见)是固定词组,所以要去掉a.
9、发现并列主语、从句、不定代词、集合名词、非谓语动词、时间、金钱等作主语,together with, as well as 等引导的成份修饰主语时,就要检查是否有主谓不一致的错误.如:Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit .but also 后面的分句的主语也是playing football,其谓语动词应当用单数,故give应改为gives .
10、发现有特殊动词结构时,就要检查其特殊用法是否正确.如:He made me to post a letter for him .英语中的感官动词see; look at ;watch ; notice; observe ; hear; listen to 等,使役动词let ;make ; have 等后面所跟的复合宾语中,如果由不定式的短语作宾语补足语,不定式须省去to.故应去掉句中的to.
11、发现有非谓语动词作状语、表语或定语时,就要检查是否有非谓语动词和逻辑主语不一致的错误.如;The box is too heavy for the little boy to carry it .该句型中不定式to carry 逻辑上的宾语就是句子中的主语,所以句中的it是多余,应去掉.
短文改错题中动词错误的解题思路
1、如果该动词在句中作谓语,可考虑其时时态和语态.如:Anyone may borrow books ,and it cost nothing to borrow them (cost----costs) 如:Books may be keep for two weeks (keep kept )
2、如果该动词不作谓语,可试着改成非谓语动词形式.如:I look forward to hear from you soon .(hear -----hearing ) 如:play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also (play-------playing )
短文改错的考点分析
短文改错是一种对基础知识与综合技能的检测题.它主要检测考生对词法、句法和语篇中的行为逻辑等的把握.
1、词法:主要涉及名词的单复数;人称代词的性、数、格;不定代词和连接代词的用法;动词的时态和语态;情态动词和非谓语动词的用法;定冠词不定冠词的用法;并列连词和从属连词的看法;介词的搭配;形容词和副词的区别及其比较级和最高级的用法;词语的固定搭配和习惯用法等.
2、句法:各类从句的连接;主谓一致;省略与替代;否定句型;强调句型;句子结构的连贯性、完整性等.
3、语篇:短文时态的前后呼应、代词的前后一致、逻辑的前后顺应等.
短文改错中错词的误用
1、名词单复数误用.She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. 根据句意分析,schoolmate应改为复数形式.
2、非谓语动词误用.I was often a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV demands very little effort .根据句意分析,and连接两个不同的事情,故watch 应以动名词watching 作主语.
3、连词误用.It looks as if my parents treat ,me as a visitor and a guest !分析后各知.本句话意思为“看起来我的父母亲把我当成了visitor或gust 了.“二者为选择关系,而非并列关系,故应将 and改为or.
4、关系代词与关系副词误用.I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.此句后一部分是非限制性定语从句,应用关系代词which作主语.
5、限定词误用.We may be one family and live under a same roof .same 意为“同样的”,前面应加定冠词the ,而不是a.
6、词义辨析误用.They did not want me to do my work at family .family 侧重指“家庭这个结构或家里人”,而home 则侧重指“家庭的所在地”.因此“在家里”应用at home.
短文改错中“一致性”问题
1、主谓一致
2、时态与语态的一致
3、代词先后指代一致
4、名词数的一致
5、平行结构中的一致
6、全文写作逻辑语义一致

英语短语固定搭配如下:
see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来越怎么样a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)agree with sb 赞成某人
all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : Iwill go along with you我将和你一起去the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起神咐种树
As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样as you can see 你是蚂液知道闷瞎物的ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book 好了我只能帮你到这里了!

有很多的同学是非常想知道,英语最常用固定搭配短语有哪些?接下来是我为大家整理的高考英语常用固定搭配词组,希望大家喜欢!
高考英语常用固定搭配词组一
H
had better 最好
half an hour 半小时
hand in hand 手拉手
hand in 交上;交进
hand out 分发
hand over 移交 ( 权力,责任等)
hand sth down from generation to generation 把…一代一代传下去
have ( got ) to 不得不;必须
have a cold (患)伤风
have a fever 发烧
have a headache 头疼
have an idea of 知道…
have breakfast 吃早饭
have sb do/doing 让某人做某事
have some/nothing to do with 和......有些(没有)关系敏拦高
have sth done 使某人做某事
have sth on 穿着;戴着
head for 朝…前进,向…去
head off 把…引导别的方向去
hear about 得悉,听说
hear from 收到…的来信
桥尺hear of 听说
heart and soul 全心全意
help oneself to sth 自取;随便吃
help out 帮助克服困难,帮忙
help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
help to do 有助于
here and there 各处;到处
hold back 控制 (感情,眼泪等)
hold down 压下,抑制
hold off 挡住
hold on (打电话时) 等着,别挂断
hold one's breath (由于激动、害怕等)不出气;并住呼吸
hold one's head high 昂首,趾高气昂
hold out 提供,提出
hold up 举起
hold up one’s head 高昂着头
hope for the best 尽量望好处想
how far 多远
how long 多久
how many 多少
how much 多少
how often 多久
how old 多大
how soon 多久以后
human being 人
hurry up 赶紧;急忙
I
in a hurry 匆忙地
in a minute 不一会儿,立刻
in a short while 不久
in a word 总之,简言之
in all 总计,全部
in common 共同
in danger 处于危险状态
in English 用英语
in fact 实际上
in favour of 支持,赞同
in fear of 在…恐惧中
in front of … 在…的前面
in fun 开玩笑似的
in future 今后
in good health 身体健康
in half 一半
in need of 需要
in order 按顺序,井然有序
in order that/to 为了
in other words 换句话说,也就是说
in place of 代替
in poor health 身体不好
in public 当众,公开地
in rags 穿着破衣服
in search of 寻找,追求
in sight 在视野内,看得见
in someone’s/something’s favour 对…有利
in space 在空间
in surprise 惊奇地
衡丛in the day 在白天
in the daytime 在白天
in the distance 在远处
in the distant future 在久远的将来
in the end 最后;终于
in the face of 面对…而不顾
in the front of … 在…的前部
in the future 在将来
in the hope of sth 希望…
in the near future 在不久的将来
in those days 在过去,在那些日子里
in time 及时,最终,迟早
instead of 代替;而不是
高考英语常用固定搭配词组二
leave off (使)停止;停下来
leave out 忽略,遗漏;省略
at length 最后,终于
let alone 不干涉;不碰
let down 放下;降低;使…失望
let go 放开;释放;发射
let in 让…进入;放…出来
let off 放(炮);开(枪);宽恕
let out 放掉(水等),发出
let up 减小;(雨等)渐渐停止
on a level with 和…同一水准
lie down 躺下;(故意)躺下不干
lie in 在于;分娩;睡懒觉
lie on 依赖;压迫;折磨(人)
lie over 等待以后处理
lie up 卧床;(船)入坞
in light of 按照,根据;鉴于
all one's life 一生,一辈子bring to life 使苏醒
come to life 苏醒过来
for life 终身
to the life 逼真地,维妙维肖
throw light on sth. 解释,阐明
light up 照亮;点(烟)
make light of 轻视,藐视
set light by 轻视
and the like 等等,以及诸如此类
like any thing 象什么似地;拼命地
limber up 使柔软;柔和一下身体
go beyond the limit 超过限度
to the limit 到顶点,到最大限度
within limits 在一定范围之内
in line 成一直线;整齐;一致
in line with 跟…一致;符合
listen for 等着听…(的声音)
listen into 收听;监听;偷听
not a little 许多,很
我推荐:2018年英语高考重点必背短语精选
live off 住在…之外;靠…生活
live on 靠…生活;以…为食
live out 活过(某一段时间)
live through 经历过;度过;经受住
live up to 无愧于;做到;符合
live with 接受;忍受;承认
be located in 位于…,坐落在…
at longest (把日期)至多,最晚
in the long run 从长远来看,最后
long for 渴望so long as 只要,如果;既然
look down on 蔑视,看不起
look forward to 盼望,期待;预期
look into 观察;调查;窥视
look on 旁观;观看;面向
look through (从头至尾)浏览;温习
look up 向上看;查出
look up to sb. 尊敬,敬仰
lose heart 灰心,泄气
lose no time 立即
at a loss 困惑;亏本地
be loyal to 忠于
in the main 基本上,大体上
major in 专攻,专修
made up of 由…组成,由…构成
make as if 假装;装作
make away (急忙)离去;逃走
make away with 携…而逃;摧毁;浪费
make beds 铺床叠被make down 改小(衣服)
make for 走向,向…前进;冲向
make fun of 嘲笑;开…玩笑
make off with 携…而逃
make one's way 前进;成功,发迹
make out 开列;书写;辩认出
make out of 用…制造出;理解
make over 把(财产)转让;改造
make up 拼凑;组成;补偿
make up for 补偿,弥补
many a 许多的,一个又一个的
高考英语常用固定搭配词组三
birth的三个短语
1. at birth 在出生时。如:
He weighed eight pounds at birth. 他出生时重8磅。
2. by birth 出生,血统;天生,生来。如:
He’s French by birth. 他是法国血统。
She’s an actor by birth. 她是天生的演员。
3. give birth 生。如:
Here nobody gives birth at home. 这里没人在家里生孩子。
She gave birth to a fine healthy girl. 她生下一个健康可爱的女孩。
高考英语常用固定搭配词组四
charge的短语及搭配
1 . have charge of sth [sb ] 负责照顾或管理某物或某人。如:
He has charge of the branch. 他主管分店。
Doctors have charge of sick people. 医生负责照顾病人。
2 . in charge of 负责管理,主管。如:
Mr Smith is in charge of the factory. 史密斯先生负责管理这个工厂。
Mary is in charge of the children. 玛丽负责照顾这些孩子。
注:有时可以不出现 of 短语。如:
Who is in charge here? 这里谁负责?
3 . in the charge of 在……的管理之下。如:
The factory is in the charge of my father. 这家工厂由我父亲负责。
比较:
Mr Smith is in charge of our class.
=Our class is in the charge of Mr Smith. 我们班由史密斯先生负责。
注:in the charge of 中的介词 in 有时可换为 under。如:
The baby is in [under] her charge. 这个婴儿由她照看。
4 . take charge of 管理,负责。如:
Soon he will take charge of the department. 他很快会来负责管理这个部门。
The department was badly organized until she took charge
. 这个部门在她负责管理以前组织工作做得很差。
5 . charge some money for sth 因为某事物而索取钱。如:
How much do you charge for a room with a bath? 一间带浴室的房间要多少钱?
They’ll charge at least 50 dollars for doing it. 做这工作他们至少要索50美元。
注:若要指明是向谁而索,可在 charge 后加 sb。如:
He charged me five dollars for this magazine. 这本杂志他向我要了五美元。
I’m not going there again --- they charged me $2foracup of coffee.我再也不去那里了---- 一杯咖啡就要了我一美元。
6 . charge sb with sth 指控某人做某事,因为某事而控告某人。如:
She charged him with cheating. 她告他进行欺骗。
The police are going to charge him with murder. 警方准备控告他谋杀罪。
注:该结构常用于被动语态形式。如:
He was charged with stealing. 他被指控偷盗。
高考英语常用固定搭配词组五
bed的重要短语
1. go to bed 上床睡觉。如:
He goes to bed at nine. 他九点上床睡觉。
He didn’t go to bed until his wife came back. 直到他妻子回来他才睡觉。
比较 go to bed(上床睡觉)与 go to the bed(到床边去)。如:
He went to bed at 10 last night. 他昨晚10点钟上床睡觉。
He went to the bed and found a letter on it. 他走到床边,发现上面放着一封信。
2. in bed 在床上(睡觉)。如:
He is still in bed. 他还在睡觉。
He’s sick in bed with a cold. 他因感冒而卧床。
注:该结构中通常不用冠词或其他限定词。
3. make the bed 铺床。如:
Make the bed whenever you are up. 起床就要铺床。
注:make one’s (own) bed, 意为“自食其果”。如:
As you make your own bed, so you must lie on it. 你是自作自受。
4. on a (the) bed 在床上。如:
There is a red box on the bed. 床上有个红色的盒子。
注:该结构通常应有冠词或其他限定词,有时它与 in bed 大致同义,只是搭配不同而已。如:
躺在床上看书是个坏习惯。
正:It is a bad habit to read in bed.
正:It is a bad habit to read on a [the] bed.
5. put sb to bed 安顿某人上床睡觉。如:
I’ll just put the children to bed. 我就安顿孩子们去睡觉。
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★大学英语固定搭配短语
大学中有一些常见的英语 短语 基本都是固定搭配,在考试中发挥的作用不可小觑。下面是我给大家整理了大学英语固定短语搭配词汇,供大家参阅!
大学英语固定搭配短语
1. free from不受…影响的
2. free of无…的;摆脱了…的
3. freeze over(使)全面结冰
4. freeze up(使)冻结
5. from memory凭记忆
6. from now on今后,从现在起
7. from time to time时常,有时,不时
8. gain on跑得比…快;逼近
9. gang together结合在一起;符合
10. generation gap代沟
11. get about走动;旅行
12. get above oneself变得自高自大
13. get across使通过,使被理解
14. get after督促,训诫;责备
15. get ahead of超过,胜过
16. get ahead进步,获得成功
17. get ahead进步;胜过,超过
18. get along with与…友好相处;有进展
19. get along with走开
20. get along过活;相处融洽;进展
21. get around to找时间做,开始考虑
22. get around规避(法律等);走动
23. get at到达;了没团铅解;查明
24. get away with侥幸做成;侥幸得手
25. get away逃脱;离开;出发
大学英语常用短语
1. get back at报复
2. get by通过;走过,侥幸躲过
3. get down to work认真开始工作
4. get down to开始认真考虑或对待
5. get down从…下或州来;下车;写下
6. get hold of一把抓住;掌握;得到
7. get in with参加,加入;与…交往
8. get in收获;收(税等);抵达
9. get into debt借债,负债
10. get into the act插手…以便得到好处
11. get into对…发生兴趣;卷入
12. get off下车;离开;开始
13. get on to知道;意识到
14. get on with与…友枯好好相处;继续干
15. get on骑上(马等);过活
16. get one's hands on得到,找到;占有
17. get out of逃避;摆脱;改掉
18. get out离去;(消息等)泄漏
19. get over克服(困难等)
20. get ready(使)准备好
21. get rid of摆脱,除去
22. get the best of胜过,打赢
23. get the better of打败,智胜
24. get the better of占上风;克服;抑制
get through到达;完成;接通电话
大学英语复习重点短语
1. for all that尽管,虽然
2. for certain肯定地;确凿地
3. for ever永远
4. for example例如
5. for fear of由于害怕;生怕,以免
6. for fear that以免;生怕,唯恐
7. for good永久地;一劳永逸地
8. for instance例如,比如,举例说
9. for lack of因缺乏;因没有
10. for life终身
11. for sale[seil]待售,出售的
12. for short简称,缩写
13. for sure确实,毫无疑问地
14. for the best(完全)出于好意
15. for the better好转,向好的方向发展
16. for the future从今以后,在今后
17. for the moment暂时;目前
18. for the present目前,暂时,暂且
19. for the rest至于其余,至于其它
20. for the sake of为了,为了…的利益
21. for the time being暂时,眼下
22. for what it is worth不论真假
23. forget about忘记
24. forgive sb. for sth.原谅某人(做了)某事
25. free and easy不拘形式的;随便的
高考英语动词及动词短语
一、短语动词的构成
英语中的动词,按其构成,可分为单词动词(single-word verb)和短语动词(phrasal verb).短语动词指由两个或两个以上单词构成的动词.这种动词主要有三种组合形式:
1.动词 + 介词
I agree with (与……看法一致)you on that point.
Before long he took to (爱上)a girl student in his class.
2.动词 + 副词
I can't figure out (理解)why he said that.
Uncle Tom passed away (去世)many years ago.
3.动词 + 副词+ 介词
We don't go in for (喜欢)that kind of thing.
I couldn't put up with (忍受)the noise any longer.
在"动词+副词+介闹宏陆词"的组合中,短语动词只能看作是一个动词,绝对绝段不能拆开.
另外,还需要注意的是,以上三类短语动词都是一些固定搭配,这些短语动词与某些非固定搭配是有区别的,试比较:
(1) The lights went out.
(2) He put on his coat and went out.
例(1)中的went out(熄灭)是由"动词+副词"构成的短语动词.例(2)中的went out(出去)不是短语动词,went 是动词,out是副词,作状语.
一般说,动词兼有及物和不及物用法时,会有两种情况:一是其应用语境和词义会有不同;二是在同一个释义下,可及物又可不及物。这种情况下,它们的区别在于,使用不及物时,强调主语的特征、性质。简单理解就是,可触及之物,和不可触及之物。能触摸到的是实物,不可触摸的是虚幻的,抽象的概念。give”,I will give…,give的是什么呢,这不完整,说明give是助动词,必须加宾语,可以说I will give you a book.这个give就是及物动词。接下来再举一例,“listen”,I am listening,意思完整,不用加宾语意思就完整,这个词就是不及物动词,不是说不及物动词就不能加宾语,也能加,但是加的时候要加一个介词,如listen to me,液顷一定要加介词。
例如:The children are listening to the music. (listen是不及物动词)
we study English everyday.(study是及物动词)
二、及物与不及物短语动词
由动词和副词构成的短语动词有的起及物动词的作用,有的起不及物动词的作用.短语动词是及物的还是不及物的主要取决于短语动词的意思.因为,一个短语动词可能具有两个或几个不同的意思,用作某个或某几个意思时可能是及物的,用作别的意思时又可能是不及物的.例如:
He took off his coat when he entered the house and put it on again when he went out. (take off 是及物短语动词)
There is often a spectators' balcony at airports, where people can watch the planes taking off and landing. (take off是不及物短语动词)
及物动词必须加宾语意思才完整的动词。 不及物动词,就是不必加宾语意思就完整的动词。
The 16th National Book Fair held in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.(错误)
在表示“举办活动等”时,hold是一个及物动词,要求带宾语;如果不使用宾语,则直接使用其被动语态,可以写成:
The 16th National Book Fair was held in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.(正确)
及物不及物的区别:根据动词其后是否带有宾语,分为及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。
动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:
a.主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须直接接宾语。可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。如:
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....
b.主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不能直接接宾语,动词后要加一个介词。只能用与:"主+谓"结构。
This is the room where I once lived.
类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....
c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....
d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同。
这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举起"。
He lifted his glass and drank.
类似的还有:beatvi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植
playvi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅
ringvi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话speak vi.讲话vt. 说(语言)
hangvi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死operatevi.动手术vt. 操作
三、及物短语动词宾语的位置
1. 名词宾语通常位于这种短语动词之末.例如:
I am looking for my glasses.
2. 个别短语动词,其名词宾语必须放在动词和副词之间,不能放在短语动词之后.例如:
I am going to see the guests off at the airport this afternoon.
3. 对有些短语动词来说,名词宾语既可放在整个短语动词后面,也可放在动词和介词或副词之间.例如:
We'll have to put off the party. 或者We'll have to put the party off.
4. 代词宾语有时位于短语动词的词尾.例如:
I am looking into it.
5. 代词宾语更常紧跟在动词之后,代词宾语的这个位置常见于下列介词或副词之前:away, down, in, off, out, up.
四、及物短语动词后接动词宾语的问题
1. 及物短语动词后接动词宾语时,要用该动词的动名词形式.例如:
He insisted on buying this car.
2. 有些短语动词后面可接不定式.例如:
Most of the members called on the mayor to resign.
3.有的短语动词既可接动名词又可接不定式,但意思差别很大,go on doing 和go on to do就是典型的例子.
3. 动词兼有及物和不及物用法时,注意使用上的区别
例如:
a. My English has improved a lot.
b. My English has been improved a lot.
同样都说“我的英语有了很大提高。”a只描述了事实,并不含有是怎样提高的;而b则会隐含是怎样经过努力提高的。例如:
My English has been improved a lot (with the help of a foreign teacher).
回到本文这个作文题目,表达“书市开幕”,使用动词open,就有可能用到其及物和不及物用法,如:
The 16th National Book Fair opened in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.
这里“open”为不及物动词;
The 16th National Book Fair was opened in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.
这里“open”为及物动词。
英语里的动词,大部分都是兼有及物和不及物用法,在使用中要特别加以注意。
4. 动词兼有其他词性时,在使用上要注意不要引起歧义
有很多动词还具有其他词性,例如:
like可以是动词,还可以是介词。例如:
I like playing football very much. (like为及物动词)
I don’t feel like playing football right now.(like为介词)
open可以是动词,还可以是形容词。例如:
The 16th National Book Fair opened in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.(open为动词)
The 16th National Book Fair was open in Tianjin from May 18th, 2008. (open为形容词)
需要注意的是,在使用动词open时,更强调动作,所以对应开幕当天;而要使用形容词open时,更强调状态,所以对应开幕时间段,句子中的介词使用了“from…(to)…”
动词兼有其他词性时,在使用上既要注意不同词性对应出的不同语境,还要注意,由于词性不同,可能词义也不同,不要由于误用引起歧义,闹出笑话。
[解题过程]
1、及物动词后面必须接宾语的动词叫做及物动词。有的动词必须接一个宾语,有的必须接两个宾语。
单宾语
He is sreading amagazine.
他正在读一本杂志。
双宾语
MrZhang teaches us English.
张老师教我们英语。
复合宾语必须接一个宾语同时接一个补语
We often hear him sing in the park.
我们经常听到他在公园里唱歌。
2、不及物动词本身意义完整,后面不需要接宾语。
例如:
The rain stopped.
雨停了。
What happened yesterday?
昨天发生了什么?
注意:不及物动词没有被动语态。
3、实际上很多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。我举一个例子,就说write。如I am writing.和I am writing aletter.在前一个句子write是不及物动词,在后一个句子write是及物动词。 又如,see是及物动词,但在特殊情况下如seeing is believing。及物动词有被动形式(因为被动形式的本质就是把宾语作为主语,所以能加宾语才可能会有被动式)。
与之相对,不及物动词不能直接跟宾语,如果要跟宾语必须在病愈之前加上介词。因此,不及物动词没有被动形式。
举个例子:give给,要说give sb sth sb sth.都是give 的宾语,因此give在这里是及物动词
rise升起The sun rises.后面不加宾语的,所以rise是不及物动词
raise提升She raised the gun.她举起枪。枪是宾语,使举的对象,所以raise在这里是及物动词。
另外有一点,英语中有不少单词既可以做及物动词也可以作不及物动词的。比如sing等,既可以说sing a song,也可以直接说sb sing
一、过去分词用在被动语态时
1、把握的关键
(1)有些动词既是及物(vt.)又是不及物(vi.),但表达形式不同其含义也就不同。
(2)只有用作及物动词的过去分词才可以构成被动语态。
(3)用作不及物动词(vi.)的过去分词不适用于被动语态,通常只能用主动形式表被动的含义,说明主语的性质、状态、特征等。常见的有下列动词:sell, wash , write, read, tear, wear, open, close, shut, lock, begin, start, stop, last, translate, , belong to, iron, smoke, eat, smell, taste, look, fell, sound, appear, turn out, prove, 等。
2、示例
a. This shirt has to be washed (vt.)and ironed (vt.) every day. But luckily it washes (vi.) well and irons (vi.) easily.这件衬衫每天都得洗熨,但幸运的是它好洗易熨。
b. The breakfast this morning wan cooked (vt.) enough but eaten (vt.) only a little because it didn’t cooked (vi.) very well and not eaten (vi.) deliciously.今天的早饭做得多但吃得少是因为做得不好,吃起来不香。
c. The story was written (vt.) by Tom .It writes well and reads easily.(vi.)这个故事是汤姆写的。故事写得好,容易读懂。
二、过去分词用作非谓语动词时
(一)先用表格呈现总轮廓
过去分词 vt. vi. 说明
一般式 1.表被动 2.动作已经完成 1.表主动2.动作已经完成 只有一种时态和语态形式
否定形式 not + 过去分词 要否定分词所表示的动作,在其前加not
过去分词
短语 过去分词+宾语或状语 过去分词可以和自己的宾语或状语构成分词短语
独立主格
结构 名词/人称代词主格 + 过去分词 只用作状语,即:过去分词作状语时,如果其逻辑主语和句子的主语不相一致,就要在前加名词或人称代词主格
句法功能 作定语、宾语补足语、表语、状语 过去分词用作非谓语动词,其作用相当于形容词或副词
(二)根据句法作用理清用法
1、作定语
1) 把握的关键:
a. 单个的过去分词作前置定语(个别几个过去分词习惯上后置)。
b. 过去分词短语作后置定语。
c. 及物动词的过去分词和逻辑主语(即它所修饰的名词)之间是被动关系,强调动作已完成,可以扩展为一个谓语动词是被动语态的定语从句。
d. 不及物动词的过去分词和逻辑主语之间是主动关系(即:只说明逻辑主语所处的状态、特点、特征等),强调动作已完成,可以扩展为一个谓语动词是主动语态的定语从句。
2) 示例
a. a repaired car (vt. /前置,动作已完成)
= a car which has been repaired 一辆修好了的车子
b. a question discussed yesterday (vt. /后置,动作已完成)
= a question which was discussed yesterday 一个昨天讨论过的问题
c. the risen sun (vi. /前置,动作已完成)
= the sun which has risen升起的太阳
d. the fallen leaves on the ground (vi. /后置,动作已完成)
= the leaves which have fallen on the ground 落在地面上的树叶
3) 还应注意:某些过去分词脱离了动词特征当作形容词使用作定语时,表示人的心里状态、情感变化等,即:人对事物所产生的心理反应或看法,“人感到……” 。例如:
a. the excited boys 这些激动的孩子(= the boys who feel excited 即:孩子们感到激动)
b. the surprised look on her face 她脸上吃惊的表情(= people feel surprised when seeing the look on her face 即:人看了感到吃惊的表情)
c. an interested man 一个有趣之人(= people think that the man is interesting即:人们觉得此人很有趣。)
2、做宾语补足语
1) 把握的关键
a. 过去分词作宾语补足语时,其逻辑主语就是它的宾语。
b. 及物动词的过去分词和逻辑主语之间是被动关系,动作已完成。
c. 不及物动词只有gone, come, arrived, risen, fallen, left等少数几个动词可以用来作宾语补足语, 并且和逻辑主语之间是主动关系,动作已完成。
2) 示例
a. I heard him hit by his father yesterday.(vt./被动)
我听说他昨天挨父亲的打了。
b. He had his car repaired. (vt. /被动)
他把车子修好了。
c. She fell asleep, without the light turned off.(vt. /被动)
她没关灯就睡着了。
d. When I got to the station, I found the train gone/left. (vi./主动)
到车站时,我发现火车已开走。
3、作表语
1) 把握的关键
a. 只限于单个过去分词作表语(过去分词短语不作表语)。
b. 只有 come, gone, left 等少数几个不及物动词的过去分词可以用来作表语。
c. 能用作表语的过去分词已脱离了动词的特征,只当作形容词使用,说明主语的状态,即人对事物的看法以及心理反应等。
2) 示例
a. The glass is broken.这个杯子破了。
b. He is very excited at the news.听到这个消息他很激动。
c. Hearing the bad news, she felt very disappointed. 听到这个坏消息,她很失望。
d. Spring is come, and the weather is getting warmer. 春天来了,天气也暖和了起来。
e. My hope is gone.我的希望破灭了。
4、作状语
1) 把握的关键
a. 过去分词(短语)作状语时,和逻辑主语(句子的主语)之间存在被动关系,所表示的动作在句子谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生或完成。
b. 用作状语的过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语要和句子的主语相一致(即:同一个人或物),否则,就要用独立主格结构,或相应的状语从句表达。
2) 示例
a. Not written interestingly, the book doesn’t sell well.
这本书写得没意思,因而销售不畅。
(作原因状语。written 的逻辑主语是the story, 存在逻辑上的被动关系;动作在sell之前完成。) 又如:
b. Repaired, the car runs very well.(作时间状语)
车子修过之后,运行很正常。
c. He came into the room, followed by his students. (作伴随状语)
他走进了教室,学生跟随其后。
d. Given more time, I can do it better.(作条件状语)
如果多给些的时间,我会把此事做得更好一些。
e. Warned many times, he didn’t pay enough attention to it.(作让步状语)
提醒过他好多次,可他就是对此没有引起足够的注意。
f. The work finished, we sat down and had a rest.
工作干完了之后,我们坐下来休息了一会。
(独立主格结构作时间状语。finished的逻辑主语是the work)再如:
g. The thief sat on the ground, his hands tied behind his back.(独立主格结构作伴随/方式状语) 小偷坐在地上,手被绑在背后。
h. All considered, you can start the work. (独立主格结构作条件状语)
如一切都考虑周全的话,你可以开始这项工作了。
3) 还应注意:
a. 作状语的过去分词(短语)只为句子的一个成份。因此,和句子的中间不能插入任何并列连词,比如and ,but ,so 等。例如:
Told many times, but he didn’t do it well. ( but 使用错误)
b. 过去分词(短语)作状语时,还可以在前面加上相应的连词,如:when, while, as, after, before, till, until, if, unless, although, though, even if,even though, once等(但是独立主格结构前再不能加这类连词);或改写成相应的状语从句(除伴随状语外)。例如:
i.( If )permitted, we can leave right now. (= If we are permitted, we can leave right now.)如果许可,我们现在就走。
ii.( When )heated, ice will be changed into water. (= When it is heated, ice will be changed into water.冰加热时,就会变成水。
iii. (Once) seen, it can never be forgotten.(= Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten. 这东西一旦看到一次,就永远也忘不了。
iv. (Although) written for the teachers, the book is also useful to the students.(= Although it is written for the teacher, the book is also useful to the students. 尽管这本书是为老师写的,对学生也有用。