英语的由来英文版？英语是一种西日耳曼语支，最早被中世纪的英国使用，并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。英国人的祖先盎格鲁部落是后来迁移到大不列颠岛地区的日耳曼部落之一，称为英格兰。那么，英语的由来英文版？一起来了解一下吧。
英语的起源
一 英语的“家谱”
英语是印欧 (1ndo-European)语系。印欧语系是世界上最大的语系，包括欧洲、美洲和亚洲的大部分语言。讲印欧诸种语言的总人数约有十八亿七千五百万，占世界总人口的一半左右。早在1786年，英国梵文（Sanskrit)学者威廉·琼斯爵士 (Sir William Jones) 就指出：欧洲、印度、波斯等地的大多数语言，包括古希腊语、古拉丁语及古印度语属于同一“家族”。
原始印欧人是什么样的人? 他们居住在何方? 他们的语言究竞是椫质裁囱�挠镅?/FONT>? 对这些问题，我们今天仍缺乏文献的考证。但是通过长时期的研究，语言学家们得出了探
索性的结论他们发现：属于印欧语系的许多语种都有表示“冬天”、“雪”和“寒冷”等意义的词，这说明原始印欧语最初是在气候比较冷的地一带使用的。另一方面，某些热带地区动植物名称的词，如“狮子”、“大象”、“稻米”、“竹”、“棕榈树”等，在原始印欧语中是不存在的；而印欧语系各语种中却都有表示“白杨”、“栎树”、“柳树”、“白桦”、“熊”、“狼”、“羊”、“鹰”、“蜜蜂”等动植物名称的相似词。通过这样的探索和研究，许多人认为，当人类进入新石器时代，欧洲中东部曾居隹着一些游牧部落，他们饲养着象羊、狗、奶牛和马这样的家畜，会使用马和简陋的马车，并能够驰骋于一望无际的原野上。
具体如下：
English is a West Germanic language branch. It was first used by medieval Britain and has become the most widely used language in the world because of its vast colonies. The Anglo tribe, the ancestor of the British, is one of the Germanic tribes that later migrated to the island of Great Britain, known as England.
英语是一种西日耳曼语支，最早被中世纪的英国使用，并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。英国人的祖先盎格鲁部落是后来迁移到大不列颠岛地区的日耳曼部落之一，称为英格兰。
Both names come from Anglia on the Baltic Peninsula, which is closely related to Frisian and lower Saxon. Its vocabulary is influenced by other Germanic languages, especially Nordic (North Germanic), and is largely written in Latin and French.
这两个名字都来自波罗的海半岛的Anglia，该语言与弗里斯兰语和下撒克森语密切相关，其词汇受到其他日耳曼语系语言的影响，尤其是北欧语（北日耳曼语），并在很大程度上由拉丁文和法文撰写。
英语的起源：
In 1066, William I, the Duke of Normandy, who ruled northwest of the Kingdom of France, conquered the Kingdom of England and became King of England. All the British nobles were changed into French and intermarried with the nobles of France.
公元1066年，割据法兰西王国西北部的诺曼底公爵威廉一世征服英格兰王国，成为英格兰国王，所有的英国贵族也都换成法国人，并且和法国本土的贵族通婚。
During the more than 300 years of the Norman Conquest, the monarchs and nobles of the Kingdom of England spoke French, while the clergy used Latin and Middle English.Around 1500, Middle English evolved into Modern English.
诺曼征服的三百余年间，英格兰王国的君主与贵族都讲法语，教士们则习用拉丁语，中古英语。
1. The origins of English can be traced back to the Indo-European language family. This language family is the largest in the world, encompassing most of the languages in Europe, America, and Asia. It is estimated that around 1.875 billion people, approximately half of the world's total population, speak languages belonging to the Indo-European group.
2. As early as 1786, Sir William Jones, a British scholar of Sanskrit, observed that most languages in Europe, India, Persia, and other regions, including ancient Greek, Latin, and Sanskrit, belong to the same linguistic family.
3. But who were the original Indo-Europeans? Where did they live? And what was the nature of their language? These are questions that have intrigued scholars for centuries.
The Evolution of English
George Boeree
The English language begins with the Anglo-Saxons. The Romans, who had controlled England for centuries, had withdrawn their troops and most of their colonists by the early 400s. Attacks from the Irish, the Picts from Scotland, the native Britons, and Anglo-Saxons from across the North Sea, plus the deteriorating situation in the rest of the Empire, made the retreat a strategic necessity. As the Romans withdrew, the Britons re-established themselves in the western parts of England, and the Anglo-Saxons invaded and began to settle the eastern parts in the middle 400s. The Britons are the ancestors of the modern day Welsh, as well as the people of Britanny across the English channel. The Anglo-Saxons apparently displaced or absorbed the original Romanized Britons, and created the five kingdoms of Northumbria, Mercia, Kent, East Anglia, Essex, Sussex, and Wessex (see map below). Notice that the last three are actually contractions of East Saxon, South Saxon, and West Saxon, and that the Welsh still refer to the English as Saxons (Saesneg).
The language we now call English is actually a blend of many languages. Even the original Anglo-Saxon was already a blend of the dialects of west Germanic tribes living along the North Sea coast: The Saxons in Germany and eastern Holland, the Jutes, possibly from northern Denmark (the area now called Jutland), and the Angles, probably living along the coast and on islands between Denmark and Holland. It is also likely that the invaders included Frisians from northern Holland and northern Franks from southern Holland (whose relatives gave their name to France). The dialects were close enough for each to understand the other.
Later, in the 800s, the Northmen (Vikings) came to England, mostly from Denmark, and settled in with the Anglo-Saxons from Yorkshire to Norfolk, an area that became known as the Danelaw. Others from Norway ruled over the people in the northwest, from Strathclyde to the north of Wales. The Norse language they spoke resembled Anglo-Saxon in many ways, but was different enough for two things to happen: One, there were many Old Norse words that entered into English, including even such basic ones as they and them; And two, the complex conjugations and declensions began to wither away as people disagreed about which to use!
Last, William the Conqueror and his Norman supporters invaded England in 1066. Although, as their name suggests, they were the descendents of the same Northmen that had invaded England earlier, they had been settled long enough in Normandy in the north of France to adopt a dialect of French. They brought this Norman French with them to England and kept it as the language of their newly imposed aristocracy. In the day-to-day need to communicate, the common language became English, but with a large number of French words, and still more withering of grammatical complexities.
English since then has been absorbing vocabulary from a huge number of sources. French, the language of diplomacy for Europe for centuries, Latin, the language of the church, and Greek, the language of philosophy and science, contributed many words, especially the more "educated" ones. Other European languages have left culturally specific words. The American Indian languages, Australian Aborigine languages, and the languages of Africa and India gave us many hundreds of words, especially for the innumerable species of plants and animals of the world. On top of all this, there is the steady creation of new words and new uses for old words by the many subcultures of the English speaking world.
English's closest relatives can be found right across the water in Holland and Germany. It's very closest relative is Frisian, spoken in northern Holland and the islands running along the coast from Holland up into Denmark. Notice some obvious similarities:
EnglishFrisianDutchGerman
asasalsals
breadbreabrood Brot
chafftsjêfkaf Kaf
cheesetsiiskaas Käse
church tsjerkekerkKirche
cow kou koe Kuh
day deidag Tag
dovedouduif Taube
dreamdream droom Traum
earear oorOhr
fleaflievlo Floh
flown fleingevlogengeflogen
fly fleanevliegenfliegen
goosegoesgans Gans
great great groot gross
ground groungrondGrund
hail heilhagelHagel
head haed hooftHaupt
heapheap hoopHaufe
hearhear hoorHören
him him hemihm
is is is ist
it it het es
lain leingelegengelegen
layleilag lag
nail neilnagelNagel
need noot nootNot
nose noas neusNase
rain rein regenRegen
salt sâlt zout Salz
say seizegsag
seed siedzaad Saat
sleepsliepe slaapschlaff
softsêftzacht sanft
thinktinkedenken denken
thoughttochtdacht dachte
throughtrochdoor durch
thumbtommeduim Daum
to to toezu
TuesdaytiisdeidinsdagDienstag
under ûnder onder unter
us ús ons uns
way wei wegWeg
yesterdayjuster gisterengestern
以上就是英语的由来英文版的全部内容，英语的起源：In 1066, William I, the Duke of Normandy, who ruled northwest of the Kingdom of France, conquered the Kingdom of England and became King of England. All the British nobles were changed into French and intermarried with the nobles of France.公元1066年，内容来源于互联网，信息真伪需自行辨别。如有侵权请联系删除。
