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英语省略句的几种形式,英语省略句14种情况

  • 英语
  • 2023-05-14
目录
  • 常见的省略句语法总结
  • 英语省略句例句20个
  • 英语省略句14种情况
  • 英语省略句的归纳总结
  • 英语省略句的几种形式及例子

  • 常见的省略句语法总结

    英语省略句的用法和种类

    导语:省略句用在哪里才合适?有几种省略句?下面是我整理的英语省略句的困燃埋用法和种类,欢迎参考!

    一、并列复合句中的省略

    在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如:

    a) The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。

    b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。

    c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 汤姆肯定一直在打篮球,玛丽一直在写作业。

    d) Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in 1963.高秀敏出生于1959年,傅彪出生于1963年。

    二、主从复合句中的省略

    1.状语从句中的省略

    一般说来省略现象多段洞出现在下列五种状语从句中:1)由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句;2)由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句;3)由though , although ,even if ,whatever等引导的让步状语从句;4)由 as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句;5)由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则:

    1) 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be,这时从句中可出现如下结构:(1) 连词(as, as if , once)+ 名词; (2) 连词( though, whether , when)+形容词;(3) 连词(whether, as if ,while )+介词短语;(4) 连词(when , while , though )+ 现在分词; (5) 连词(when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as ) + 过去分词; (6) 连词(as if ,as though ) + 不定式汪蚂。如:

    a) Once (he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer .庞龙曾经是个工 人,现在变成一位著名的歌手。

    b) Work hard when (you are) young ,or you'll regret.趁年轻要努力学习,要不然你会后悔的。

    c) He looked everywhere as if (he was)in search of something .他到处看似乎在找什么东西。

    d) While (he was) holding talks with President Hu Jintao ,US President George W. Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.

    e) The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected .这次展览比被预料的有趣的多。

    f) Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if (he were) to speak。奥林匹克金牌获得者跨栏运动员刘翔张开嘴好像要说什么。

    注意:

    1) 当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时,间或也有这样的省略,如:

    Her father told her to be careful when (she was)crossing the street.当她过马路时父亲告诉她要当心。

    2) 当从句的主语是 it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be 时,可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if , unless ,when , whenever)+形容词的结构。如:

    Unless (it is) necessary ,you'd better not refer to the dictionary.如果没有必要,你最好不要查字典。

    2.定语从句中的省略

    1) 一般说来,在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词 that ,which , whom 可以省略;如:

    Is this reason (that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?这就是他在会上解释他工作中粗心的原因吗?(2002上海春季)

    而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 which , whom 不可以省略。试比较:

    Tom (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.( whom可以省) 你昨天见到的汤姆病倒了。

    Tom , whom you saw yesterday ,fell ill. ( whom不可以省) 汤姆病倒了,你昨天见到他了。

    2)在口语和非正式用语中,关系副词when ,where , 和 why 经常用that 来代替,甚至还可省略。如:

    a) This is the first time (when/that)he had trouble with the boss.这是他第一次麻烦老板。

    b) He wants to find a good place (where/that) we can have a picnic during the “golden week ”holiday .他想找一个能在黄金周期间野餐的好地方。

    c) Could you tell us the reason (why/that)he was so unhappy ? 你能告诉我们他为什么如此不高兴吗?

    3)当先行词为表示方式的 the way 时 ,从句不能用 how 来引导 ,应该用that 或 in which ,或将它们全部省略。如:

    I don't like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.我不喜欢你嘲笑他的行为。

    3.宾语从句中的省略

    1)在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中,连词that 一般可以省略;但如果及物动词后面是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句 ,那么只有第一个that可以省略。如:

    a) I think (that) the reform of the renminbi's exchange rate is necessary. 我认为人民币兑换率的改革是必要的。

    b) He said (that)the Anti-secession law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order

    2)由 which , when ,where , how,和 why 引导的 宾语从句,可以全部或部分省略。如:

    a) I know that NBA star Yao Ming will come to our city but I don't know when (he will come to our city).我知道NBA明星要到我们城市来但我不知道他什么时候来。

    b) He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why (he wants to move abroad)他想搬迁到国外但他的父母想知道为什么。

    4.在与suggest ,request ,order ,advise 等词相关的名词性从句中,须用虚拟语气形式“should +动词原形”,should可以省略。如:

    Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France Culture Year (should) last long in various forms.法国总统希拉克建议中法文化年以各种各样的形式长期持续。

    5.主句省略多用于句首。如:

    (It is a ) Pity that I didn't go to Mary's birthday party yesterday.很遗憾,我昨天没有去参加玛丽的生日聚会。

    6.在答语中,主句可全部省略。如:

    —Why were you absent from school last Friday ?—(I was absent from school)Because my mother was ill. —上周五你为什么没有上学? —因为我妈妈病了。

    三、简单句中的省略

    1.省略主语

    1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略 如:

    (You) Open the door, please. 请开一下门。

    2) 其它省略主语多限于现成的说法 如:

    a) (I) Thank you for your help 谢谢你的帮助。

    b) (It)Doesn't matter.没关系。

    2.省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分 如:

    a) (There is) No smoking. 禁止抽烟

    b) (Is there)anything else ? 还有其他事吗 ?

    c) (You come)This way please.请这边走。

    d) (Will you) Have a smoke ? 抽烟吗 ?

    3.省略宾语 如:

    —Do you know Mr. Li ? 你认识李先生吗?— I don't know (him.) 我不认识他

    4.省略表语 如:

    —Are you thirsty ? 你30岁了吗? Yes , I am (thirsty). 是的,我是。

    5.同时省略几个成分 如:

    a) —Are you feeling better now? 你觉得好些了吗 ?—(I am feeling ) Much better (now) 好多了。

    b) (I wish) Good luck (to you) .祝你好运/祝你顺利。

    四、动词不定式省略,只保留to 的场合

    1.不定式作某些动词的宾语时,这些动词常见的'有:love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean , try , oblige , advise , persuade , agree , want , afford , forget , remember , try , manage等。如:

    a)— You should have thanked her before you left . —I meant to ,but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.—你本该在离开前谢谢她。—我本打算这么做,但当我就要离开的时候我却找不到她了。(2000上海春)

    b) You can do it this way if you like to .如果你想做,你可以这么做。

    2.不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时,这些动词常见的有:ask , tell ,advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit , forbid ,expect, order ,warn 等。如 :

    a) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street ,but his mother told him not to. 男孩想在街上骑他的自行车,但他母亲不让。(NMET1995)

    b) She wants to come but her parents won't allow her to (come). 她想来,可是她父母不让。

    3.不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时,常见的形容词有:happy, glad ,eager , anxious , willing , ready 等。如:

    — I will be away on a business trip .Could you mind looking after my cat ?— Not at all.I would be happy to (look after your cat). —我要出差,你能帮我照顾一下我的猫吗?—没关系,我很愿意。

    4.不定式作某些复合谓语时,常见结构如:be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等。如:

    He doesn't like fish but he used to 他现在不喜欢吃鱼,但过去喜欢。

    五、动词不定式to 的省略

    1.主语部分有to do ,系动词 is 或 was 时 ,作表语的不定式通常省去to。如:

    The only thing you have to do is press the button.你必须做的惟一事情是按按钮。

    2.作介词but ,expect ,besides 的宾语,前面又有实意动词 do时,不定式通常省去to. 如:

    3.主语部分暗含to do,表语中的不定式通常省去to。如:

    All I want (to do) is go to school and study hard .我想要(做)的就是上学,努力学习。

    4.当两个或多个不定式并列时,其后的不定式符号可以省略,但有对比关系时不可省略。如:

    It is easier to say than to do . 说起来容易,做起来难。

    5.在would rather…than… 等结构中,不定式符号常常要省略. 如:

    I would rather stay at home than go to see a film.我宁愿呆在家也不愿去看电影。

    6.在see ,watch ,notice ,hear, listen to ,look at ,feel ,have, make, let ,observe 等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to;why (not) do 结构 中, 不定式不带to。如:

    a) I saw her enter the room. 我看见她进入了房间

    b) Why not join us ?为什么不加入到我们的行列里来呢?

    六.其他一些省略结构

    1.名词所有格修饰的名词,若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时,常常可以省略。如:

    We spent the weekend at the Mary's. 我们在玛丽家过的周末。

    2.What和 how引导的感叹句中,常可省略主语 it 和be动词 如:

    a) What a wonderful victory (it is ) for Tom ! 这对Tom来说是个多么大的胜利呀!

    b) How beautiful (it is ) to be treated like a normal child. 被当作一个正常孩子对待对他而言是多么美妙的一件事呀。

    ;

    英语省略句例句20个

    省略句英语:elliptical sentence。

    elliptical sentence

    英 [ɪˈlɪptɪkl ˈsentəns] 美 [ɪˈlɪptɪkl ˈsentəns]

    省略句。枣尘

    对话是口语语篇最基本的形式,口语语篇中的情境省略句主要体现在对话中。

    Dialogue is the basic form of the text of colloquial language and elliptical sentences with the language situation left out is mainly seen in dialogue.

    要完整地理解无主句,必须弄清楚祈使句、省略句等易于混淆的概念。

    To comprehend this sentence pattern perfectly, one should have a clear demarkation among the easily confusing conceptions of imperative sentence, elliptic sentence and so on.

    省略句的几瞎余种形式:

    1、省主语。

    2、省谓语。

    3、省宾语。

    4、省介词。

    5、省介词宾语。在特定的语境中,或者承前或者蒙后省略的一些词语,我磨岩滚们称这种句式为省略句。省略的成分或者是主语,或者是谓语、宾语、介词等等,在翻译时要根据上下文意补全。

    英语省略句14种情况

    省略句(elliptical sentences)

    定义:省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析,句子应该具备的成分,有时出于修辞上的需要,为了避免重复、突出新信息使上下文紧密连接的修辞手段。

    省略的部分:单词、短语、分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的衔接关系,不容臆断

    一、哪些部分可以省略

    (一)省略单词 1、省略介词

    He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. 他花了四个小时复习功课。I ' ve studied Eng1ish (for) five years. 我已学五年英语了。2、省略连词

    I believe (that) you will succeed . 我相信你们会成功的。It ' s a pity (that) he ' s leaving. 他要走,真遗憾。I ' m sure (that) she will help you. 我肯定她会帮你的。3、省略关系代词

    I ' ll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。 二、省略句子成分

    1、省略主语

    Beg your pardon. (我)请你原谅。( Beg 前省略了主语 I )Take care! 当心!( Take 前省略了主语 you )Looks as if it will rain. 看起来象要下雨。( Looks 前省略了主语 it )2、省略谓语

    Who next? 该谁了?( Who 后面省略了谓语 comes )

    The river was deep and the ice thin. ( ice 后面省略了 was )We ' ll do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。( can 后面省略了动词 do )

    3、省略表语

    Are you ready? Yes, I am. 你准备好了吗? 我准备好了。( am 后面省略了 ready )He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth. 他还是象年轻时那样,是一位运动爱好者。( had been 后面省略了 a lover of sports )4、省略宾语

    Let ' s do the dishes. I ' ll wash and you ' ll dry. 让我们洗碗吧,我来洗,你来揩干。( wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语 dishes )

    5、省略定语

    He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 那钱他花了部分,其余的他都存了起来。( the rest 后面省略了定语 of the money )

    6、省略状语

    He was not hurt. Strange! 他没有受伤,真奇怪!( Strange 前面省略了状语 how )

    二、什么句式中可以省略

    1. 简单句中的省略:在对话中,交谈双方都知道谈论的对象,则可以省略句子的主语,省略主语和谓语的现象在交际用语中出现的很多。 如省略it 和 主语 I (1)Looks like rain. (it)

    (2)Hope to hear from you soon. (I)

    (3)Sounds like a good idea.

    2. 并列句中的省略:在并列句中,相同的成分如主语,谓语,宾语等都可以省略:(1)They learn French and we English.

    (2)My father planned and built all these houses.(3)John won the first race and Jimmy the second.

    3. 复合句中的省略:定语从句:(1)That’s the reason he is late for the conference.

    状语从句:(1)If heated, water will boil. (2)Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across the river. 宾语从句:如果宾语从句中的谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或上文的谓语部分相同,可将从句部分的谓语省略。

    (1)We will do what we can(do)to help you.

    (2)—Is Mr. King in his office? —Sorry, I don’t know(whether he is in his office or not).

    4. 动词不定式的省略:在动词不定式结构中,为避免重复,常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形,只保留to。 (1)—Would you like to go with us ? —I’m glad to*, but I have to finish my homework.

    在used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, be going to等结构中,常常省略to后面的动词原形。 (1)They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to* (2)He doesn’t get up early as he used to*.(3)I’ll hand it in if I have to*.

    (4)—Would you like to come tonight ? —I’d love to.

    Tell , warn , order , advise , ask等动词的宾语后接动词不定式做宾语补足语时,可以省略to后的动词原形。 (1)He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to.

    (2)The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to.

    三、特殊用法 一、原文“空缺”,译文“增补”

    两个主语不同的句子,谓语有相同部分,也有不同部分,如果用连词连接起来进行对比,则其相同部分在后面分句中可以省略,这样,后面分句中就出现“空缺”现象。“空缺”处通常被省略的是动词,或动词及其宾语、补足语等。汉译时不妨采用“补齐”的方法。

    例如:A sound must be heard,a colour seen,a flavour tasted,an odour inhaled.,颜色必须目视,滋味必须口尝,气味必须鼻吸。(后三句省略 must be) Histories make men wise;mathematic logic and rhetoric able to contend.;数学使人精细;逻辑和修辞使人善辩。(原文后两句省略make men)二、英语状语从句中的省略部分可不译

    than引出的比较从句中,套有when引导的时间从句或if引导的条件从句,而且该比较从句中的省略部分与整个句子的主要结构一致时则比较从句的省略部分可省略不译。例如:

    My uncle is better than when I wrote to我伯父的身体比我上次给你去信时好些了(...than后面省略了he was) 三、对英语中一些特殊省略结构译法需灵活,指的是按正常语法规则分析,有的无法增补,有的要用不同的方式来增补,使之成为完全句。因此,汉译英时,视上下文加以灵活处理。

    1.“宾语+主语+谓语„„and +谓语”结构

    其中and连接的,是用作不同成分的同一个词,这个词既是第一分句的宾语,又是第二分句的主语。此结构的特点是,把宾语提到句首,使之兼任后一分句的主语,达到简化句子结构的目的。汉译时,可仍先译宾语,不必改变原文的语序。例如:

    This substance we call water,and come next only to oxygen.这种物质称为水,其重要性仅次于氧。(=We call this substance water,and this substance comes next only to oxygen.)2.以“Hence +名词”开头的结构

    hence是表示结果意义的连接副词,hence前面的句子表示原因,hence后面则省略了类似 come的动词。它是倒装句。例如:

    Hence(comes)this instruction of the experiment因此,有这本实验说明书。3.某些常用词组引导的省略疑问句,通常不需要写出其省略部分。例如:How(is it)about the result?结果怎么样呢?

    4.由习语组成的省略结构 So much is for the foundry processes.工艺过程的内容就是这些。(=Enough has been said or done about...;That is all we'll say about...)Now for the sound-wave method.现在谈谈风波方法。(=And we will now talk about...) The grinding machine you operate must be oiled,and that at once.油,而且要马上上油。(and that是个加强语气的省略结构。that是指示代词,代替上文的全部,与and连用表示强调,后接状语。=andmustbeoiledat可译为“而且”。)

    四、介词(短语)的“无胜于有”

    英语介词(短语)应用之频繁,简直到了“不可稍离”的地步。它是功能词中最积极、最活跃之一。但有时,为了用词简洁精练,在上下文意境清楚的前提下,介词常常省略。译文中也要采取相应的简洁表达手法。

    1. 动名词-ing前,有时省略介词。

    Most people just ruin scissors by)trying to sharpen them.大多数人想把剪刀磨快,结果却磨坏了。2. 在含有way,height,length,size,shape, ckness等惯用语前,有时省略介词。Try to keep your letters on)this side of 500 words.写信请勿超过五百字。

    3. 在以next,this,one,every,each,some,等开头的时间状语前,有时省略介词。Nine days(from)now will be May Day.起再过九天,便是五一节。

    4. 在“noun +participle”,“noun +and all”结构中,有时省略介词“with”。He jumped into the water, (with his)clothes and all.他和着衣服跳进水里。5. 某些动词、名词、形容词习惯搭配中的介词(短语),在以what,when,how,whether,that出的从句

    或不定式短语之前,有时被省略。例如:I am not informed(as to)whether he went,why from.我没听说他是否去了,为什么去,什么时候去,来自何地方。(省略与informed搭配的介词as to。)They are tempered to be careless (of)how they spend their time,because they imagine they have so much of it.对于如何支配时间,他们总是漫不经心,因为他们认为时间多的是。(省略与形容词careless搭配的介词of。)

    英语省略句的归纳总结

    英语中为了避免重复,句子中的某些部分可以省略,常见的省略有下列14种情况:

    1、并列复合句中某些相同成分的省略

    He often regards English as easy and (he often regards)French as difficult.

    他常把英语看作是容易学的,而法语是难学的

    2、在用when,while,if,as if,though(although),as until,whether等连词引导的状语从句中,如果谓语有be,而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it时,则从句的主语和be常可省略

    When(water is)heated,water is turned into vapour.

    水加热时变成气体

    3、在than,as,no matter what(who等)分句后面常可省略某些成分

    They do not use more water than(it is)necessary.

    他们使用的水没有超出需要量

    4、在know,think,consider,suppose,find,belive,say,decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中,连接词that常可省略

    I think(that)it will clear up this afternoon.

    我想今天下午天会转晴

    5、在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词whom,which,that常省略;在以the same...as和such...as引出的某些定语从句中,也可以省略与主句相同的成分

    This is one of the best films(that)I‘ve ever seen.

    这是我所看过的最好的电影

    6、在以there is开头的句子中,修饰主语的同位语从句的连接词常省略,修饰主语的定语从句的关系代词作主语,有时可以省略

    There is a table(that)stands in the corner.

    墙角处放着一张桌子

    7、用so,not或其他手段来替代上文或问句中的一部分或整个句意

    --Can he do this work?他能做这件工作吗?

    --I think so. 我想他行

    8、在某些动词后的宾语补语和主语补语中可将to be省略

    These books are thought(to be)very valuable

    人们认为这些书很有价值

    9、在“the+比较级...the+比较级...”结构中,有时可省略be或there be

    The higher the temperature(is),the greater the pressure(is)

    温度越高,压力越大

    10、某些动词在接that从句时,不用与之搭配的介词

    We agreed that is was a mistake.

    我们一致认为,这是一个错误

    11、用to表示前述动词不定式,其后面有关成分省略

    You may go home if you like(to)

    你如果想回家就可回家

    12、在某些虚拟语气的句子中可以省略should

    I suggest that he(should)study more English before going abroad.

    我建议他出国前多学点英语

    13、在用so+that连接的从句中,常省略so或that

    We are very tired,(so)that we had better hurry home.

    我们很累,所以我们还是赶快回家去吧

    14、省略介词in的几个固定词组

    He spends his evenings(in)studying English

    他把晚上的时间花在学英语上

    英语省略句的几种形式及例子

    有when,while,although,as if,unless,whether,where来引导的句子时。且具备:当主句和从句的主语相同时,从句主语可以省略。或从句中的谓语是Be的一种形式。或从句中主语是it。

    省略句

    一. 概念

    英语中,为了避免重复,常常省略句子中的一个或几个成分,这样的句子叫省略句

    二.相关知识点精讲

    1. 简单句中的省略:衡逗

    在对话中,交谈双方都知道谈论的对象,则可以省略句子的主语,省略主烂友语和谓语的饥拦槐现象在交际用语中出现的很多。

    (1)Looks like rain.

    (2)Hope to hear from you soon.

    (3)Sounds like a good idea.

    (4)Beg your pardon.

    2. 并列句中的省略:

    在并列句中,相同的成分如主语,谓语,宾语等都可以省略:

    (1)They learn French and we English.

    (2)My father planned and built all these houses.

    (3)John won the first race and Jimmy the second.

    3. 复合句中的省略:

    定语从句:

    (1)That’s the reason he is late for the conference.

    (2)I don’t like the way he talks.

    状语从句:

    (1)If heated, water will boil.

    (2)Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across the river.

    宾语从句:如果宾语从句中的谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或上文的谓语部分相同,可将从句部分的谓语省略。

    (1)We will do what we can(do)to help you.

    动词不定式的省略:在动词不定式结构中,为了避免重复,常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形,只保留to。

    (1)—Would you like to go with us ?

    —I’m glad to, but I have to finish my homework.

    (2)Don’t tell me the name of the sailor if you don’t want to.

    在used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, be going to等结构中,常常省略to后面的动词原形。

    (1)They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to.

    (2)He doesn’t get up early as he used to.

    Tell , warn , order , advise , ask等动词的宾语后面接动词不定式做宾语补足语时,可以省略to后面的动词原形。

    (1)He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to.

    (2)The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to.有参考,望采纳

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