达尔文英语？查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文 Charles Robert Darwin 达尔文：英国生物学家，进化论的奠基人。曾经乘坐贝格尔号舰作了历时5年的环球航行，对动植物和地质结构等进行了大量的观察和采集。出版《物种起源》，提出了生物进化论学说，从而摧毁了各种唯心的神造论以及物种不变论。除了生物学外，他的理论对人类学、那么，达尔文英语？一起来了解一下吧。
现代生物学之父：查尔斯·达尔文
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Father of Modern Biology: Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin's whole life was changed by one lucky chance. In 1831, before he went on the voyage1 of the Beagle2, he was a very ordinary young man of twenty-two. No one in England—certainly not Darwin himself —had any idea of the future he had before him.
His sister Caroline gave him his first lessons. He was both lazy and naughty, and everyone was glad that he went away to school after his mother's death when he was eight.
Charles soon became a keen collector. He collected anything that caught his interest: insects3, seashells, coins and interesting stones. He said later that his collection prepared him for his work as a naturalist4.
He was not a very clever boy, but Charles was good at doing the things that interested him. He also took pleasure in carrying out experiments. But he could not learn Latin and Greek which in those days were an important part of education. He was a disappointment to his father, who was sure that he would bring nothing but shame to himself and his family.
In 1825, when Charles was sixteen, his father sent him to Edinburgh to study medicine, saying ：“As you like natural history5 so much, perhaps we can make a doctor of you.”
But Charles found the lectures boring, and the dissections6 frightening. But at Edinburgh he was able to go to natural history lectures. In 1826 he read a paper on sea-worms to the Natural History Society. This paper was his first known work on this subject.
Then his father decided to send Charles to Cambridge University to study to become a priest. With hard work, he did quite well. And, in the countryside around Cambridge, he was able to shoot, fish and collect insects.
He seemed likely to become a country priest like hundreds of others, sharing his time between his work and his interest in natural history and country life. He had a deep faith in God and a lasting interest in religion7. At this time he did not doubt that every word of the Bible was true.
Then a letter from Captain Robert FitzRoy changed his life. FitzRoy was planning to make a voyage around the world on a ship called the Beagle. He wanted a naturalist to join the ship, and Darwin was recommended8. That voyage was the start of Charles Darwin's great life work.
In those days a great many people believed that every word written in the Bible was true. Darwin hoped that the plants and animals that they found in the course of their voyage would prove the truth of the Bible story of the great Flood9.
He began to observe everything. When they got to Rio de Janeiro in South America, Charles was overcome with joy to see so many different creatures, so much life and colour. His notebooks were full of detailed observations.
Then they reached dry land at Punta Alta. There Darwin discovered his first fossils10. Why, he wondered, were there horse bones at Punta Alta, when there had been no horses in the New World until Cortez brought his from Spain11?
They came to Tierra del Fuego at the tip of South America. It was a strange place, with terrible storms. Its people grew no food, and they slept on the wet ground. Darwin observed their looks and habits.
“How can people be so different, if all are descended12 from Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden?” Charles wondered.
A trip into the mountains showed Darwin seashells at a height of 12,000 feet. Lower down were fossil trees.
“So those trees once stood by the sea,” thought Darwin. “The sea came up and covered them. Then the sea-bed rose up...”. To a man who had been taught that every word in the Bible was true, this was very puzzling.
In Chile, where Darwin saw earthquakes and volcanoes, he began to see what must have happened. The centre of the earth, he decided, was very hot. The surface of the earth was thinner in some places. It was in these places that earthquakes and volcanoes developed.
As the Beagle sailed around the world, Darwin began to wonder how life had developed on earth. He saw volcanic islands in the sea, and wondered how living things had got there.
But people who believed every word of the Bible thought that God had made all creatures and Man. But, if that was true, why did some of the fossils look like “mistakes” which had failed to change and, for that reason, died out?
On went Beagle, to Tahiti13, New Zealand and Australia. There, Darwin saw coral and coral islands for the first time. How had these islands come about14? Soon, he had the answer. Coral was made up of the bodies of millions of tiny creatures, piled up over millions of years —a million years for each island. Darwin wrote it all down in his notebooks.
After five years he was home. He was never again the healthy young man who climbed mountains and carried heavy bags of fossils for miles.
He set to work, getting his collection in order. And, in 1839, he married his cousin15, Emma Wedgwood. It was a happy marriage with ten children. He could be found working in his study, with a child beside him.
His first great work The Zoology of the Beagle was well received, but he was slow to make public his ideas on the origins16 of life. He was certainly very worried about disagreeing with the accepted views of the Church.
Happily, the naturalists at Cambridge persuaded Darwin that he must make his ideas public. So Darwin and Wallace, another naturalist who had the same opinions as Darwin, produced a paper together. A year later Darwin's great book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection appeared. It attracted a storm.
People thought that Darwin was saying they were descended from monkeys. What a shameful idea! Although most scientists agreed that Darwin was right and that the story of Adam and Eve was merely a story, the Church was still so strong that Darwin never received any honours for his work.
Many years later, he published his other great work, The Descent of Man. He gave a lecture at the Royal Institution17, when the whole audience stood up and clapped18.
His health grew worse, but still he worked. “When I have to give up observation, I shall die,” he said. He was still working on 17, April, 1882. He was dead two days later.
现代生物学之父：查尔斯·达尔文
一次偶然的机遇改变了查尔斯·达尔文的一生。
达尔文 (1809-1882)
1909年2月12日，达尔文出生在英国的施鲁斯伯里。祖父和父亲都是当地的名医，家里希望他将来继承祖业，16岁时便被父亲送到爱丁堡大学学医。
但达尔文从小就热爱大自然，尤其喜欢打猎、采集矿物和动植物标本。进到医学院后，他仍然经常到野外采集动植物标本。父亲认为他“游手好闲”、“不务正业”，一怒之下，于1828年又送他到剑桥大学，改学神学，希望他将来成为一个“尊贵的牧师”。达尔文对神学院的神创论等谬说十分厌烦，他仍然把大部分时间用在听自然科学讲座，自学大量的自然科学书籍。热心于收集甲虫等动植物标本，对神秘的大自然充满了浓厚的兴趣。
1828年的一天，在伦敦郊外的一片树林里，一位大学生围着一棵老树转悠。突然，他发现在将要脱落的树皮下，有虫子在里边蠕动，便急忙剥开树皮，发现两只奇特的甲虫，正急速地向前爬去。这位大学生马上左右开弓抓在手里，兴奋地观看起来。正在这时，树皮里又跳出一只甲虫，大学生措手不及，迅即把手里的甲虫藏到嘴里，伸手又把第三只甲虫抓到。看着这些奇怪的甲虫，大学生真有点爱不释手，只顾得意地欣赏手中的甲虫，早把嘴里的哪只给忘记了。嘴里的那只甲虫憋得受不了啦，便放出一股辛辣的毒汁，把这大学生的舌头蜇得又麻又痛。
查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文（英语：Charles Robert Darwin，1809年2月12日－1882年4月19日），又译达尔温，是一位英国著名的生物学家、博物学家，达尔文早期因地质学研究而著名，而后又提出科学证据，证明所有生物物种是由少数共同祖先，经过长时间的自然选择过程后演化而成。到了1930年代，达尔文的理论成为对演化机制的主要诠释，并成为现代演化思想的基础，在科学上可对生物多样性进行一致且合理的解释，是现今生物学的基石。
在爱丁堡大学研读医学期间，达尔文对自然史逐渐产生兴趣。而他后来又到剑桥大学学习神学。达尔文在参与了小猎犬号的五年航行之后，成为了一位地质学家。他进行观察并提出理论来支持查理斯·莱尔的均变思想。回英国后所出版的《小猎犬号航行之旅》，使其成为著名作家。由於在航行期间对所见生物与化石的地理分布感到困惑，达尔文开始对物种转变进行研究，并且在1838年得出了他的自然选择理论。由於这类思想在当时被视为异端，因此达尔文刚开始只对亲近的朋友透露这些想法，并持续进行进一步的研究，以应付可能遭遇的反对。到了1858年，阿弗雷德·罗素·华莱士寄给他一篇含有相似理论的论文，促使达尔文决定与其共同发表这项理论。
1831—1836年，他以博物学家的身份，参加了英国派遣的环球航行，做了五年的科学考察。在动植物和地质方面进行了大量的观察和采集，经过综合探讨，形成了生物进化的概念。
1859年出版了震动当时学术界的《物种起源》。书中用大量资料证明了形形色色的生物都不是上帝创造的，而是在遗传、变异、生存斗争中和自然选择中，由简单到复杂，由低等到高等，不断发展变化的，提出了生物进化论学说，从而摧毁了各种唯心的神造论和物种不变论。恩格斯将“进化论”列为19世纪自然科学的三大发现之一（其他两个是细胞学说，能量守恒和转化定律）。
达尔文51岁，发表了《物种起源》艺术一书，引起巨大轰动。
查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文（英语：Charles Robert Darwin，1809年2月12日～1882年4月19日）。 逝世时，73岁。
达尔文是一位英国著名的生物学家、博物学家。
达尔文早期因地质学研究而著名，而后又提出科学证据，证明所有生物物种是由少数共同祖先，经过长时间的自然选择过程后演化而成。1930年，达尔文的理论成为对演化机制的主要诠释，并成为现代演化思想的基础，在科学上可对生物多样性进行一致且合理的解释，是现今生物学的基石。
达尔文Darwin, British biologist, the founder of evolution. Birthplace: Britain
Date of birth: on February 12, 1809。Date: in 1882, died on April 19居里夫人Marie Curie, world famous scientist, nationality, France, date of birth: in 1867, died on November 7, date: on July 4th, 1934
爱因斯坦Einstein is American physicists, nationality: America, Switzerland
Ethnic composition: jewish, date of birth: on March 14th，Date of died on April 18, 1955爱迪生Edison Thomas Alva Edison ThomasAlvaEdison), (is world-famous American electric experts and inventor, .Nationality: the United States。
以上就是达尔文英语的全部内容，达尔文Darwin, British biologist, the founder of evolution. Birthplace: Britain Date of birth: on February 12, 1809。
